主要参考:https://www.gitbook.com/book/easonhan007/selenium-webdriver/details
初始化环境
- 安装python
- selenium webdriver:
pip install selenium
简单操作
打开浏览器:
参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e137031bc7db
1). 根据chrome版本选择对应的chrome driver selenium之 chromedriver与chrome版本映射表(更新至v2.29)
from selenium import webdriver
2). chromedriver文件放在“/usr/local/bin”目录下，然后运行下面的代码
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
base_url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
driver.get(base_url)
关闭浏览器
可以使用close、或quit方法
close方法关闭当前的浏览器窗口，quit方法不仅关闭窗口，还会彻底的退出webdriver，释放与driver server之间的连接
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
base_url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
driver.get(base_url)
print('browse will be closed in 2s')
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit() #or .close()
调节浏览器窗口大小
driver.maximize_window()
driver.set_window_size(240,320)
访问链接
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
base_url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
driver.get(base_url)
获取title或url
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
base_url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
driver.get(base_url)
print("title of current page is %s" %(driver.title))
print("url of current page is %s" %(driver.current_url))
#title of current page is 百度一下，你就知道
#url of current page is https://www.baidu.com/
前进后退
dr.get(first_url)
dr.get(second_url)
dr.back()
对象定位
简单的对象定位
测试对象的定位和操作是webdriver的核心内容，其中操作又是建立在定位的基础之上,因此对象定位就越发显得重要了。
定位对象的目的一般有下面几种
操作对象
获得对象的属性，如获得测试对象的class属性，name属性等等
获得对象的text
获得对象的数量
webdriver提供了一系列的对象定位方法，常用的有以下几种
- id
- name
- class name
- link text
- partial link text
- tag name
- xpath
- css selector
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<title>Form</title>
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootstrap-combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>simple login form</h3>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="inputEmail">Email</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Email" name="email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="inputPassword">Password</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="password" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password" name="password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<label class="checkbox">
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
<button type="submit" class="btn">Sign in</button>
<a href="#">register</a>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
py脚本(python2.x):
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
import os
if 'HTTP_PROXY'in os.environ: del os.environ['HTTP_PROXY']
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = 'file:///' + os.path.abspath('form.html')
print file_path
dr.get(file_path)
# by id
dr.find_element_by_id('inputEmail').click()
# by name
dr.find_element_by_name('password').click()
# by tagname
print dr.find_element_by_tag_name('form').get_attribute('class')
# by class_name
e = dr.find_element_by_class_name('controls')
dr.execute_script('$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()', e)
sleep(1)
# by link text
link = dr.find_element_by_link_text('register')
dr.execute_script('$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()', link)
sleep(1)
# by partial link text
link = dr.find_element_by_partial_link_text('reg')
dr.execute_script('$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()', link)
sleep(1)
# by css selector
div = dr.find_element_by_css_selector('.controls')
dr.execute_script('$(arguments[0]).fadeOut().fadeIn()', div)
sleep(1)
# by xpath
dr.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/form/div[3]/div/label/input').click()
sleep(2)
dr.quit()
上面例子里由于html文件中引用了jquery，所以在执行js时可以使用jquery的$()及fadeIn()等方法。如果你测试的页面没用包含jquery的话，这些方法是无效的。
定位一组对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<title>Checkbox</title>
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootstrap-combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>checkbox</h3>
<div class="well">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="c1">checkbox1</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="checkbox" id="c1" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="c2">checkbox2</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="checkbox" id="c2" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="c3">checkbox3</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="checkbox" id="c3" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="r">radio</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="radio" id="r" />
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
from selenium import webdriver
import time
import os
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = 'file:///' + os.path.abspath('new_file.html')
driver.get(file_path)
checkboxes = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('input[type=checkbox]')
for checkbox in checkboxes:
checkbox.click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()